Which president of Egypt (1970-81) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for efforts to recognize Israel and led the Camp David Accords?

• A. Gamal Abdel Nasser
• B. Anwar al-Sadat
• C. Hosni Mubarak
• D. Mohamed Morsi

Answer: (B)

The question centers on identifying the Egyptian leader who, during 1970–81, earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for moving toward recognizing Israel and guiding the Camp David negotiations. That leader is Anwar al-Sadat. He became president in 1970, shifted Egypt’s approach toward peace with Israel, and, with U.S. mediation, facilitated the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel. The accords laid the groundwork for the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty, leading to the return of Sinai to Egypt and the first lasting peace treaty between the two nations. For these efforts, Sadat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978, recognizing his commitment to negotiating a peace settlement in a volatile region.

Gamal Abdel Nasser led Egypt earlier and did not win the prize; Hosni Mubarak’s presidency began after Sadat, and Mohamed Morsi’s term was long after this period, so neither is associated with the 1978 Nobel Prize or the Camp David process.