Which group formed the provisional government of the Republic of Poland and was recognized by the USSR in 1945?

• A. London Poles
• B. Lublin Committee
• C. Polish Home Army
• D. Provisional Government

Answer: (B)

The group is the Polish Committee of National Liberation, formed in Lublin with strong Soviet backing. This body organized a provisional government for Poland, effectively replacing the government-in-exile in practice and aligning Poland with Soviet interests after World War II. In 1945, the USSR formally recognized this arrangement, cementing it as Poland’s recognized government in the eyes of the Soviet Union. The London-based government-in-exile existed as a separate authority but was not recognized by the USSR, and the Polish Home Army was a resistance group, not a governing body. This Lublin-based committee’s provisional government eventually evolved into the communist-led government that ruled Poland in the postwar period.